Hepatit A (infeksion sar\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 ya Botkin x\u0259st\u0259liyi) qaraciy\u0259rin virus x\u0259st\u0259liyidir. O, qaraciy\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259skin iltihab yaradaraq, \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 sa\u011falan, qaraciy\u0259rd\u0259 x\u0259sar\u0259t yaratmayan x\u0259st\u0259likdir. Hepatit B v\u0259 C-d\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, Hepatit A xroniki qaraciy\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259liyin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmur.<\/p>\n
APA\u00a0x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, bunu S\u0259hiyy\u0259 Nazirliyinin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis-eksperti Emin M\u0259mm\u0259dov bildirib. Onun s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, uzun ill\u0259rdi ki, bu virus m\u00f6vcuddur, tam \u00f6yr\u0259nilib v\u0259 h\u0259tta ona qar\u015f\u0131 vaksin var:<\/p>\n
“Yoluxma b\u0259zi gigiyena qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaran\u0131r v\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Hepatit A virusunun \u0259sas\u0259n fekal-oral yolu il\u0259 say\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu zaman \u015f\u0259xs \u00f6z fekaliya (n\u0259cis ifrazat\u0131) v\u0259 \u00e7irkl\u0259nmi\u015f \u0259li il\u0259 infeksiyan\u0131 \u0259trafa yay\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, x\u0259st\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259 \u0259l kontakt\u0131 v\u0259 ya yoluxan \u015f\u0259xs \u0259trafda olan a\u011f\u0131za d\u00fc\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259y\u0259 toxunubsa (qida, su), dig\u0259rl\u0259rini asanl\u0131qla yoluxdura bil\u0259r. Meyv\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259v\u0259zl\u0259r yuyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259qdird\u0259 virusa yoluxma ehtimal\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259kdir. \u00c7\u00fcnki virus soyu\u011fa, istiy\u0259, h\u0259tta m\u0259d\u0259nin qat\u0131 tur\u015f m\u00fchitin\u0259 davaml\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin suyu qaynamaqla onu tamamil\u0259 m\u0259hv etm\u0259k olar.
\nHepatit A virusu orqanizm\u0259 h\u0259zm sistemi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 daxil ola bil\u0259r. Dig\u0259r qan v\u0259 ya cinsi yoluxma da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Lakin bu hallar daha az rast g\u0259linir v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi yoluxmalara s\u0259b\u0259b olmur.<\/p>\n
Virusa yoluxan insanda gizli period olur v\u0259 inkubasiya m\u00fcdd\u0259ti adlan\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6vr ortalama 2-4 h\u0259ft\u0259 davam edir. X\u0259st\u0259lik insanda hals\u0131zl\u0131q, tez yorulma, \u0259z\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 a\u011fr\u0131, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131q, qusma, m\u0259d\u0259 a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, ishal \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu d\u00f6vr \u0259n \u00e7ox yoluxdurucu oldu\u011fu d\u00f6n\u0259mdir. Daha sonra sar\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259rid\u0259 qa\u015f\u0131nma \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r v\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259nin daha \u00f6nc\u0259ki \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 rahatlama m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Diaqnoz qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Hepatit A virusun \u0130gM dediyimiz markerini v\u0259 qaraciy\u0259r testl\u0259rini laborator analizl\u0259rin\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131r, x\u0259st\u0259liyin gedi\u015fini bununla izl\u0259nilir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zl\u0259r v\u0259 d\u0259ri sarald\u0131qda, x\u0259st\u0259 art\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin adi soyuqlama, m\u0259d\u0259-ba\u011f\u0131rsaq pozuntusu kimi yox, m\u0259hz qaraciy\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259liyinin oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259kim\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir. Burada \u0259n \u0259sas erk\u0259n \u0259lam\u0259t sidiyin r\u0259nginin t\u00fcndl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sidir. Bu halda h\u0259kim\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259k t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n
Sar\u0131l\u0131q ba\u015f verdikd\u0259n sonra qaraciy\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259lki s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 qay\u0131tmas\u0131 5 aya q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259k\u0259 bil\u0259r. B\u0259z\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r tamamil\u0259 saralm\u0131\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259kim\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t edirl\u0259r. Lakin panikaya d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k laz\u0131m deyil. Unutmay\u0131n ki, sa\u011flam insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Hepatit A virusuna yoluxmas\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131 risk da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. \u018fn \u0259sas\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259ni t\u0259crid etm\u0259k v\u0259 dig\u0259r insanlar\u0131 yoluxmadan qorumaqd\u0131r. Onunla t\u0259masda yaln\u0131z daha \u00f6nc\u0259 Hepatit A (sar\u0131l\u0131q) ke\u00e7ir\u0259n insanlar v\u0259 vaksinasiyas\u0131 olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yoluxan \u015f\u0259xsi x\u0259st\u0259xanaya yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259r zaman ehtiyac yaranm\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yeri \u00fczr\u0259 poliklinikan\u0131n sah\u0259 h\u0259kiminin v\u0259 ya infeksionistin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 evd\u0259 m\u00fcalic\u0259 ala bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
X\u00fcsusil\u0259 5-14 ya\u015f qrupu u\u015faqlar Hepatit A virusuna daha \u00e7ox yoluxur. U\u015faqlarda yoluxma hallar\u0131nda valideyinl\u0259r panikaya d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sinl\u0259r. Bu zaman h\u0259kim-pediatrlara m\u00fcraci\u0259t etsinl\u0259r, h\u0259kim n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 t\u0259crid olunaraq, m\u00fcalic\u0259 als\u0131nlar.
\nB\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda m\u0259hz u\u015faqlardan yoluxa bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 xroniki qaraciy\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n, Hepatit B v\u0259 C x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri, sirrozlu x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r, alkoqolla ba\u011fl\u0131 qaraciy\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259r, a\u011f\u0131r \u00fcr\u0259k x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri, b\u00f6yr\u0259k x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri hepatit A-ya yoluxarsa, bu zaman \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r yarana bil\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, virusun alovlanmas\u0131 olan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 bu qrup \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 vaksinasiyadan ke\u00e7m\u0259k ciddi t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur”.<\/p>\n
H\u0259kim deyib ki, Hepatit A virusu y\u00fcks\u0259k immunogendir. Virusa yaln\u0131z bir d\u0259f\u0259 yoluxma m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, sonra \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fck immunitet formala\u015f\u0131r:<\/p>\n
“X\u00fcsusi m\u00fcalic\u0259si \u00fcsulu v\u0259 spesifik bir antivirus preparat\u0131 yoxdur. Yaln\u0131z simptomatik d\u0259rmanlar v\u0259 infuziyalar t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Hepatit A x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7ox d\u0259rman istifad\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun deyil. Onsuzda ciddi virus t\u0259sirn\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan qaraciy\u0259r bir d\u0259 art\u0131q d\u0259rmanlara g\u00fcc s\u0259rf etm\u0259m\u0259lidir. Laz\u0131ms\u0131z medikamentoz m\u00fcalic\u0259d\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131nmaq t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur. Vaksinasiya Hepatit A virusunun spesifik profilaktika \u00fcsuludur. \u0130ki doz peyv\u0259nd alaraq, bu x\u0259st\u0259likd\u0259n tam qorunmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u018fl gigiyenas\u0131, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n virusun yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alma\u011f\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 yoludur. Y\u00fcks\u0259k risk qrupunda olan insanlar peyv\u0259ndl\u0259nm\u0259d\u0259n ke\u00e7m\u0259lidirl\u0259r. K\u00fctl\u0259vi qidalanma obyektl\u0259rind\u0259 qida il\u0259 t\u0259masda olan insanlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsi gigiyenas\u0131na ciddi s\u00fcr\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k v\u0259 onlara m\u00fct\u0259madi olaraq x\u00fcsusi dezinfeksiyaedici m\u0259hlullardan istifad\u0259 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n
X\u0259st\u0259liyin simptomlar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259l\u0259ndiyiniz andan dig\u0259r insanlarla t\u0259mas\u0131 minimuma endirm\u0259si, h\u0259m\u00e7inin insanlar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259n bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t uzaq qalmaq ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n yoluxmamaya daha az m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n